Motherblame, while ubiquitous today, was not always the response to “undesirable” outcomes in children. This phenomenon developed in the context of child study associated with the eugenics and euthenics movements in the early 20^th century. These movements constructed notions of “normal” and “unfit” to be applied to both parenting and to children. Further they systemically medicalized and criminalized those that were not normalized as “fit”, making the “unfit” vulnerable to surveillance and policing, often disguised as “care”. The resulting intertwined legacies of ableism and motherblame-stigma are important for understanding current policy failures affecting children with disabilities. This chapter will begin with an introduction to ‘motherblame-stigma’, a social prejudice formed through the euthenics movement that remains with us today. The second section will provide an overview of the euthenics movement, focusing on child study research and how it was disseminated through college and university curriculums.

Mothers of children with mental illness are on the frontlines of two global crises. The rates and severity of children’s mental illness have been rapidly growing, increasing the need for services and community supports. At the same time, four decades of privatization and austerity have resulted in what Emma Dowling calls “the care crisis,” including a state of disarray in the children’s mental health service sector. The intersection of the children’s mental health crisis with the care crisis makes it impossible for many children to access hospital beds for mental health emergencies and community-based disability services necessary to keep them alive and in their own homes. Mothers overwhelmingly bear the economic and social burdens of filling in disability service gaps. Furthermore, the very agencies charged to serve children with disabilities depend on the exploited and appropriated unpaid labour of their mothers. This article introduces the concept of “motherblame-stigma,” a social prejudice in the form of social disgrace, blame, and distrust of mothers related to a stigmatized characteristic of their child. After tracing the history of motherblame-stigma for children’s mental illness, I apply an epistemic oppression framing to illustrate how motherblame-stigma functions to prevent mothers from correcting distorted public narratives about child disability service infrastructures (a contributory injustice) and to sow self-doubt within mothers about their own experiences and capabilities (gaslighting). I provide examples of institutional gaslighting in state policy, law, public statements, and narratives to blame mothers for failing to seek and navigate services that do not exist.